Final answer:
The nurse should include fluid restriction in the care plan for a school-age child in the oliguric phase of AKI with a low sodium level to prevent further fluid overload and complications. A high-sodium diet, loop diuretic administration, or monitoring for hypernatremia are not appropriate actions for the given sodium imbalance (hyponatremia) and the condition of the kidneys during oliguria.
Step-by-step explanation:
A nurse is planning care for a school-age child who is in the oliguric phase of AKI (acute kidney injury) and has a sodium level of 129 mEq/L. The appropriate intervention would be to restrict fluid intake. During the oliguric phase of AKI, the kidneys do not produce much urine, so fluid can accumulate in the body and worsen the situation if not managed carefully. Limiting fluid intake helps prevent further fluid overload and the complications that can arise from it. A high-sodium diet is not encouraged in this situation given the already low sodium, and could potentially cause more imbalance.
Administering a loop diuretic might not be appropriate in the oliguric phase of AKI because it could exacerbate kidney injury, and the kidney may not respond to the diuretic in this state. Additionally, monitoring for signs of hypernatremia is not relevant since the child's sodium level is currently low (hyponatremia). Correction of the sodium imbalance in AKI can involve the careful administration of sodium-containing solutions, keeping in mind the reduced excretion capability of the kidneys. Treatment should be tailored to the specific needs and electrolyte balance of the individual patient, always within a hospital setting, under close monitoring.