Question

While caring for a patient in heart failure, the nurse assesses an elevated blood pressure and significant peripheral edema. These symptoms are caused by the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system which:

1. Releases angiotensin II
2. Releases aldosterone
3. Decreases cardiac output
4. Decreases heart rate
5. Causes arteriolar vasodilation

Answer 1

The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system causes an increase in blood pressure and fluid volume in heart failure patients by releasing aldosterone, which promotes sodium and water retention.

Step-by-step explanation:

When a patient with heart failure exhibits an elevated blood pressure and significant peripheral edema, these symptoms are related to the activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). Specifically, the renin released by the kidneys reacts with angiotensinogen, leading to the production of angiotensin II. Angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor, which increases blood pressure. Then, it prompts the adrenal cortex to release aldosterone, causing increased sodium reabsorption, water retention, and ultimately an increase in blood pressure and fluid volume. In this case, the correct answer is that the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system releases aldosterone.