Final answer:
The effects of analgesics and tranquilizers on urine production are variable depending on how they influence kidney functions and hormone secretions. Analgesics may decrease urine production by reducing renal blood flow, while some tranquilizers could increase urine production by decreasing aldosterone secretion or altering other hormonal activities that regulate urine formation.
Step-by-step explanation:
The effects of analgesics and tranquilizers on urine production can be variable. Analgesics, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), can reduce the blood flow to the kidneys, potentially leading to decreased urine production. Furthermore, analgesics that are narcotic can lead to drowsiness and decreased consciousness in higher doses, potentially affecting the control of urine elimination. On the other hand, tranquilizers could potentially have a diuretic side effect, increasing urine production by decreasing aldosterone secretion.
Some drugs increase the frequency of urination by affecting the kidney's ability to reabsorb sodium and chloride ions, especially if they act on the loop of Henle as diuretics do. The reabsorption of these ions is crucial for maintaining fluid balance, and inhibiting their reabsorption will lead to increased urine output. Alcoholic beverages, for example, increase urine output chiefly by inhibiting the secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), leading to a decrease in water reabsorption in the kidneys.