Final answer:
In a hemolytic transfusion reaction, back pain is a common symptom and indicates the presence of the reaction, as it is associated with red blood cell destruction and subsequent kidney stress.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer to the question "Which assessment finding indicates a hemolytic transfusion reaction?" is d) Back pain. During a hemolytic transfusion reaction (HTR), the patient's body reacts to the incompatible red blood cells that have been transfused, leading to their destruction. This process is a type II hypersensitivity cytotoxic response that can result in various symptoms. Within 1 to 24 hours of the reaction, a patient may experience fever, chills, itchiness, hives, difficulty breathing, hemoglobinuria (hemoglobin in the urine), and hypotension (low blood pressure). Back pain is a common symptom associated with the destruction of red blood cells in a hemolytic transfusion reaction, as the kidneys may be affected when they filter the hemoglobin released from destroyed red blood cells.
It's important to note that increased blood pressure, flushed skin, and increased urine output are not typical signs of a hemolytic transfusion reaction, making them incorrect answers to the question.