Final answer:
Hyperglycemia is characterized by high blood sugar levels and symptoms such as hot and dry skin; it occurs in diabetes when insulin function is impaired. Hypoglycemia, on the other hand, involves low blood sugar levels with potential symptoms of cold, clammy skin, and tremors. Diabetes patients often experience increased thirst and hunger, frequent urination, and glucose in the urine.
Step-by-step explanation:
The symptoms of hyperglycemia, which characterizes high blood sugar levels, can include hot and dry skin, along with an elevated concentration of glucose in the blood. Hyperglycemia is a condition that can occur in individuals with type 1 or type 2 diabetes when they have abnormally high levels of blood glucose over prolonged periods. In contrast to hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia describes low blood sugar levels and is associated with symptoms such as cold and clammy skin, sweating, tremors, and fainting attacks.
Patients with diabetes mellitus may experience frequent urination (polyuria), high blood glucose levels (glycosuria), increased thirst (polydipsia), and increased hunger (polyphagia). In hyperglycemic conditions, due to the impaired insulin function, cells are unable to efficiently absorb glucose, leading to these symptoms. If left untreated, diabetes can lead to serious complications like nerve damage, vision impairment, kidney damage, and cardiovascular issues.