Final Answer:
Congenital heart defects typically result in increased cardiac output thus option C is correct.
Step-by-step explanation:
Congenital heart defects typically result in increased cardiac output (option C). These defects can disrupt the normal flow of blood through the heart, causing the heart to work harder to maintain adequate circulation. As a compensatory mechanism, the heart increases its pumping action, leading to elevated cardiac output.
In congenital heart defects, the structural abnormalities of the heart can affect the efficient pumping of blood, leading to altered hemodynamics. To meet the body's oxygen and nutrient demands, the heart responds by increasing its cardiac output. This adaptation helps maintain adequate perfusion to vital organs and tissues. However, the long-term consequences of increased cardiac workload can contribute to complications such as heart failure and other cardiovascular issues.
Understanding the hemodynamic changes associated with congenital heart defects is crucial for healthcare providers in managing and treating affected individuals. Monitoring cardiac output and addressing associated complications are integral aspects of care for individuals with congenital heart defects.