Final Answer:
The nurse should include grapefruit juice as contraindicated while taking atorvastatin. Thus option C is correct.
Step-by-step explanation:
Atorvastatin is a medication used to lower cholesterol levels. Grapefruit juice contains compounds that can interfere with the way the body metabolizes certain medications, including atorvastatin. This interference can lead to higher levels of atorvastatin in the bloodstream, increasing the risk of side effects and potential toxicity.
When atorvastatin is taken orally, it goes through a process in the liver where it is metabolized by an enzyme called CYP3A4. Grapefruit juice contains furanocoumarins, compounds that inhibit the activity of this enzyme. As a result, the body may not break down atorvastatin effectively, leading to higher concentrations of the medication in the bloodstream. This increased concentration can heighten the risk of adverse effects, such as muscle pain, liver problems, or even rhabdomyolysis—a severe breakdown of muscle tissue.
It's crucial for healthcare providers to educate patients about the potential interactions between medications and certain foods or beverages. In the case of atorvastatin, advising against consuming grapefruit juice is essential to ensure the medication's effectiveness and the patient's safety. Encouraging patients to follow dietary guidelines and avoid specific substances that can interfere with their medication's efficacy is an integral part of holistic healthcare delivery. Thus option C is correct.