Final answer:
A Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI) is an electrical safety device that opens a circuit when a leakage current is detected, to prevent shock hazards. It operates based on electromagnetic induction and trips even with leakage currents as low as 5 mA. The correct answer is a) GFCI.
Step-by-step explanation:
An electrical device that will open an electrical circuit, preventing current flow to the circuit if a small leak to ground is detected, is called a Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI). The GFCI is designed to protect against the hazards of shock and electrocution by interrupting the electrical circuit when there is a difference in currents between the live/hot and neutral wires, indicating a leakage current that could be hazardous. This response is usually triggered if the leakage current exceeds 5 mA, which is considered the accepted maximum for a harmless shock.
Even if the leakage current safely travels to earth through an intact ground wire, the GFCI will still trip to indicate that a repair is necessary. It is commonly found in areas such as kitchens and bathrooms where the risk of shock from electrical appliances coming into contact with water is higher. Its operation is based on principles of electromagnetic induction, selectively interrupting the circuit to prevent potential electric shock. So, the correct answer is a) GFCI.