Final answer:
Long-term therapy with Lansoprazole can cause hypomagnesemia, which may manifest as disorientation and positive Chvostek's and Trousseau's signs. It can also lead to metabolic alkalosis and is associated with neuromuscular symptoms and hypocalcemia. Monitoring of electrolytes is essential in patients on prolonged Lansoprazole therapy.
Step-by-step explanation:
Manifestations of Hypomagnesemia from Lansoprazole Therapy
The use of Lansoprazole, a proton pump inhibitor, for long-term therapy can result in several electrolyte disturbances, including hypomagnesemia. Symptoms of hypomagnesemia may include disorientation and positive Chvostek's and Trousseau's signs, which are clinical signs indicative of neuromuscular irritability often seen in association with hypocalcemia. Lansoprazole-induced hypomagnesemia can also contribute to other conditions such as metabolic alkalosis, hypocalcemia, and hypokalemia due to altered absorption and excretion of electrolytes.
Lansoprazole therapy may lead to reduced magnesium absorption in the gut and increased excretion in the urine. Reduced magnesium levels in the body can lead to symptoms such as neuromuscular excitability, seizures, and abnormal heart rhythms. In severe cases, it could contribute to complications like hyperphosphatemia and metabolic alkalosis, similar to those seen in conditions such as Cushing's disease or as a result of excessive bicarbonate ingestion.
It is crucial to monitor electrolytes in patients taking Lansoprazole for prolonged periods and manage any imbalances that may arise. Clinicians should consider hypomagnesemia in the differential diagnosis when patients present with neurologic or muscular symptoms while on such therapy, especially if they are also experiencing signs of hypocalcemia or hypokalemia.