Final answer:
Physical inactivity, genetic factors, and smoking are musculoskeletal risk factors that can lead to conditions like osteoarthritis. A family history of the disorder, obesity, joint injuries, and age are also significant risk factors. Treatment for osteoarthritis includes lifestyle changes and medical intervention, with surgery as a last resort.
Step-by-step explanation:
The musculoskeletal risk factors include physical inactivity, genetic factors, and smoking. Each of these factors can contribute to conditions such as osteoarthritis. Age is a primary risk factor for osteoarthritis, with a majority showing signs by age 65. Other risk factors for developing osteoarthritis, particularly at younger ages, include joint injuries, congenital malformations, obesity, and a family history of the disorder. These risk factors may lead to damage of the articular cartilage, with symptoms initially improving with mild activity but potentially exacerbating after exercise. Lifestyle changes and medical treatments are available for managing the symptoms of osteoarthritis, with joint replacement surgery being an option for severe cases.