Final answer:
The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) is protected from providing a list of all its members to the government, as confirmed through a court case. This protection ensures the right to privacy and freedom of association for peaceful political organizations.
Step-by-step explanation:
The political organization that is protected from providing a list of all members to the government is The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). In a court case, Alabama's attempt to force the NAACP to disclose its membership lists was found to be unconstitutional.
The court ruled that when people assemble peacefully and there is no immediate threat to public safety, their right to privacy and freedom of association is upheld.