Final answer:
The recurrent laryngeal nerve innervates all intrinsic laryngeal muscles except the cricothyroid muscle, which is innervated by the superior laryngeal nerve.
Step-by-step explanation:
The nerve that innervates all of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles except for the cricothyroid muscle is the recurrent laryngeal nerve. The cricothyroid muscle is instead innervated by the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve. Understanding the functions of cranial nerves including the hypoglossal nerve's control over tongue muscles and the glossopharyngeal nerve's role in taste and the gag reflex is crucial to diagnosing potential neurological conditions.