Final answer:
Critically ill patients who have an endotracheal or tracheostomy tube in place require suctioning using two methods: closed suctioning and open suctioning.
Step-by-step explanation:
Critically ill patients who have an endotracheal or tracheostomy tube in place require suctioning using two methods: closed suctioning and open suctioning.
Closed suctioning involves using a closed system that allows for suctioning without disconnecting the patient from the ventilator. A catheter is passed through the endotracheal or tracheostomy tube, allowing secretions to be aspirated.
Open suctioning involves disconnecting the patient from the ventilator and inserting a suction catheter directly into the endotracheal or tracheostomy tube to remove secretions.