Final answer:
The maximum time allowed to file a case in court is determined by the statute of limitations. It ensures prompt litigation while safeguarding the right to a speedy and fair trial. Both criminal and civil cases have statutes of limitations that vary based on numerous factors.
Step-by-step explanation:
The law that sets the maximum amount of time parties can wait before they must file a case is known as the statute of limitations. This law is designed to ensure legal disputes are brought to court in a timely manner. The speedy trial requirement, as noted by the Supreme Court, protects individuals from being held indefinitely without trial.
Discussing the arguments for and against being tried in both civil and criminal court involves the consideration of the dual sovereignty doctrine, which allows separate sovereigns to prosecute for the same act without it constituting double jeopardy. The right to a fair trial is fundamental, including the right to a public trial. Nevertheless, there are exceptions when a public trial may compromise fairness or security.