Final answer:
Early changes in cortical cataracts include gradual cloudiness starting at the lens edge, spoke-like opacities, and vision blurring. Light is diffused by the cataract cloudiness, and laser procedures on the eye require parallel rays for precision. Protective measures against UV-B and nutritional support with vitamins A and C can help prevent cataracts.
Step-by-step explanation:
Three early changes/findings in cortical cataracts include: gradual cloudiness or opacification starting at the edge of the lens, the appearance of spoke-like opacities that point towards the center of the lens, and blurring or distortion of vision. As the cataracts develop, they interfere with the passage of light through the eye, leading to visual impairment. A cataract is essentially cloudiness in the lens of the eye, which causes light to be diffused as it passes through, leading to decreased visual acuity. When performing a procedure to spot-weld the retina to the back of the eye using laser light, it is crucial for the rays entering the eye to be parallel to ensure precise delivery of energy and to prevent further damage to the eye structures.
Furthermore, repeated exposure to UV-B radiation is a significant risk factor for the development of cataracts, making the use of protective eyewear like sunglasses important for prevention. Vitamins A and C have been noted to have a protective effect against the formation of cataracts. Once cataracts reach a stage where vision is significantly compromised, the typical treatment involves surgical removal of the clouded lens and its replacement with a plastic intraocular lens.