Question

A patient is in the first postoperative day following a nephrectomy. The patient is receiving morphine through a patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) device for management of pain. The patient is apprehensive about being given opioid drugs and is afraid of becoming addicted to the drug. The patient is also afraid of chronic side effects. What explanation should the nurse give the patient? Select all that apply.

1. Opioids can be used safely in cases of moderate to severe pain.
2. Opioids can be given only after surgery or for postsurgical pain.
3. Slow titration prevents potentially dangerous opioid-induced side effects.
4. The drug is administered carefully, because its action cannot be reversed.
5. In case of any adverse effects, opioid antagonist drugs can be given to reverse the effects.

Answer 1

The nurse should explain to the patient that opioids can be used safely for moderate to severe pain, are typically given after surgery or for postoperative pain, and are carefully titrated to prevent side effects. The nurse should also reassure the patient that in case of adverse effects, opioid antagonist drugs can be administered to reverse the effects.

Step-by-step explanation:

The nurse should provide the following explanations to the patient:

1. Opioids can be used safely in cases of moderate to severe pain. Opioids, such as morphine, are commonly used for postoperative pain management and have been proven to be effective and safe when used appropriately.
2. Opioids can be given only after surgery or for postsurgical pain. The patient's apprehension about being given opioids may stem from the misconception that these drugs are routinely used for chronic pain. However, opioids are typically prescribed for acute pain management, such as postoperative pain.
3. Slow titration prevents potentially dangerous opioid-induced side effects. The nurse should reassure the patient that opioids are carefully titrated to prevent adverse effects. Starting with lower doses and gradually increasing the dose helps minimize side effects and optimize pain relief.
4. While it is true that the drug is administered carefully due to its potent effects, it is important to reassure the patient that they are being closely monitored by healthcare professionals to ensure safety and optimal pain management.
5. In case of any adverse effects, opioid antagonist drugs such as naloxone can be given to reverse the effects. The nurse should educate the patient about the availability of opioid antagonists and the healthcare team's readiness to address any potential adverse reactions.