Final answer:
A nuclear congenital cataract is a type of cataract that is present at birth and affects the center of the lens. It is caused by genetic mutations and can lead to vision impairment or blindness.
Step-by-step explanation:
A nuclear congenital cataract is a specific type of cataract that is present at birth and affects the center of the lens (the nucleus). It is caused by genetic mutations that prevent the synthesis of critical proteins needed for lens development. This type of cataract is usually inherited and can lead to vision impairment or blindness.