Final answer:
Local exhaust ventilation in construction is categorized as an engineering control, intended to capture pollution at its source and prevent exposure. This differs from administrative controls, personal protective equipment, and hazard communication.
Step-by-step explanation:
In construction, local exhaust ventilation is an example of an engineering control. Engineering controls involve modifying the system or using equipment to prevent hazardous exposures. The idea is to design equipment that captures pollution at its source, thereby preventing airborne contaminants from spreading in the work environment. This is distinctly different from other types of controls such as administrative controls, which focus on altering the way people work, personal protective equipment (PPE) that individuals wear to protect themselves from hazards, and hazard communication which involves informing individuals about the risks and safety measures through labels and safety data sheets.
Command-and-control regulation, as seen in the context of environmental laws passed in the United States during the late 1960s and early 1970s, mandated that companies install equipment that reduces pollution emissions, such as on automobile tailpipes or smokestacks. Such regulations required firms to include the social costs of pollution when deciding on their production output, reflecting an approach where the focus is on installing technology to control pollution.