Final answer:
For women with a BRCA mutation, a prophylactic oophorectomy and mastectomy is recommended by age 35 to 40 after childbearing is complete to reduce their increased risk of breast and ovarian cancer. These procedures are part of a proactive approach to manage the risk associated with harmful genetic mutations.
Step-by-step explanation:
For women with a BRCA mutation, it is recommended by age 35 to 40 and when childbearing is complete to consider a prophylactic oophorectomy and mastectomy (C). This recommendation is due to the increased risk of breast and ovarian cancer associated with BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations. While not all women with the mutation will develop cancer, they are at a significantly higher risk compared to the general population, and these procedures can greatly reduce the risk.
Mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes do not guarantee that a woman will get cancer, but they substantially increase her risk. Therefore, a more aggressive approach, like prophylactic surgeries, may be recommended once a woman has finished having children and as she approaches a higher-risk age group.
Aside from the surgeries, regular screenings, including mammograms and breast self-exams, are also critical for early detection. The decision for these procedures should be made in consultation with healthcare providers, considering each individual's circumstances and preferences.