Final answer:
To address hypotension before an epidural block, fluids are increased intravenously, and the mother's position is optimized to maintain blood flow. Continuous monitoring of fetal heart rate is important to detect fetal distress, which could necessitate emergency delivery methods.
Step-by-step explanation:
To counteract hypotension, which can compromise fetal oxygenation before administering an epidural block, a few precautionary measures are typically taken. First, it is common to increase the mother's fluid intake intravenously with a bolus of crystalloid solution before the procedure. This helps to maintain blood volume and mitigate any decrease in blood pressure caused by the epidural. Additionally, the mother may be positioned in such a way to minimize the suppression of the major blood vessels, ensuring optimal blood flow. Monitoring of the fetal heart rate is critical during this time, as it is a primary indicator of fetal distress and can inform healthcare providers if immediate intervention is needed. In cases where a significant drop in blood pressure cannot be corrected and fetal oxygenation is at risk, delivery methods such as vacuum extraction, forceps, or a Caesarean section may become necessary.