Final answer:
Fetal hydrops is diagnosed by the abnormal fluid accumulation in two or more fetal compartments, like fetal ascites and pleural effusion, as well as other signs such as polyhydramnios and fetal anemia. It can be a consequence of hemolytic disease of the newborn due to Rh incompatibility, and requires careful monitoring.
Step-by-step explanation:
The criteria for diagnosing fetal hydrops include the presence of abnormal fluid accumulation in at least two fetal compartments. Specifically, these may include fetal ascites, pleural effusion, pericardial effusion, and skin edema. Additionally, other signs such as polyhydramnios (excess amniotic fluid), an enlarged liver or spleen, anemia, and the presence of other effusions may also be indicative of hydrops. It is a serious condition that can lead to death in newborns if severe and untreated.
Fetal hydrops can be a result of various underlying conditions, including hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN), also known as erythroblastosis fetalis, where hemolysis occurs due to Rh incompatibility between the mother and fetus. Treatment for HDN includes administering anti-Rh antibodies (RhoGAM) to prevent the mother's immune response against fetal red blood cells. Fetal hydrops indications are closely monitored as they signal potential fetal or maternal health issues.