Final answer:
After a breast mass is detected through SBE/CBE, the next step is typically a mammogram, followed by ultrasound if needed, and ultimately a biopsy such as fine-needle aspiration (FNA) or core needle biopsy for diagnosis.
Step-by-step explanation:
After the discovery of a breast mass on self-breast examination (SBE) or clinical breast examination (CBE), the next step is typically to perform imaging tests. A mammogram is usually the initial imaging modality used due to its ability to detect lumps or areas of increased density in breast tissue. However, it cannot diagnose whether a tumor is malignant, and it may be less effective in women with denser breast tissue.
In cases where the mammogram results are inconclusive or abnormal, or in younger women with denser breasts, an ultrasound may be used as a complementary imaging technique. It can help distinguish solid masses from fluid-filled cysts. If the mass still raises concern, a biopsy would be ordered to obtain tissue for definitive diagnosis.
Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) or core needle biopsy may be used to sample the breast tissue. FNA uses a thin needle to extract fluid or cells from the lump for examination, while core needle biopsy removes a larger, more solid sample of tissue for analysis. The choice between FNA and core needle biopsy depends on various factors, including the size and characteristics of the lump.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may also be utilized, particularly in conjunction with other diagnostic methods, to improve detection rates and reduce false-positive outcomes when diagnosing breast cancer. Moreover, MRI has become a valuable tool in breast cancer screening, especially for high-risk patients or when the mammogram and ultrasound results are inconclusive.