Final answer:
Excessive bicarbonate ion in an intravenous solution primarily leads to metabolic alkalosis, which is an increase in blood pH. This condition can occur due to a range of factors, including gastrointestinal loss and endocrine disorders. The renal system regulates bicarbonate concentrations to maintain pH balance.
Step-by-step explanation:
Too much bicarbonate ion delivered in an intravenous solution will lead to metabolic alkalosis. This is when the blood becomes overly alkaline due to an increase in bicarbonate levels, causing an elevation in blood pH. Some causes of metabolic alkalosis include loss of hydrochloric acid from the stomach through vomiting, potassium depletion as a consequence of diuretic use for hypertension, and Cushing's disease. Moreover, the respiratory and renal systems play a key role in controlling bicarbonate ion concentrations in the blood. The renal system compensates for fluctuations in pH by modulating the reabsorption or excretion of bicarbonate.