Final answer:
The Kleihauer-Betke test is the appropriate laboratory test to expect in a case of suspected placental abruption, as it detects fetal hemoglobin in maternal blood which can occur in such a condition.
Step-by-step explanation:
A nurse is caring for a client who is at 24 weeks of gestation and has a suspected placental abruption. Among the laboratory tests that may be ordered, the most relevant one would be the Kleihauer-Betke test. This test is used in obstetrical care to detect fetal hemoglobin in maternal blood, which might be present after a fetal-maternal hemorrhage such as that which can occur in placental abruption. A suspected placental abruption is a serious condition where the placenta partially or completely separates from the uterus before the baby is born, which can compromise fetal oxygenation and nutrient supply.
Other options like amniocentesis, blood glucose test, or maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP) are not typically used to diagnose placental abruption. Amniocentesis is used to examine amniotic fluid for fetal genetic conditions or lung maturity, not for direct assessment of placental attachment. A blood glucose test is not relevant to placental abruption but could be used if gestational diabetes is of concern. MSAFP testing is primarily utilized for screening for certain developmental defects in the fetus.