Final answer:
the correct option is a) Cell adhesion. Outside-in signals transmitted by integrins primarily influence cell adhesion. Such signals can lead to differential cell and tissue differentiation, impacting not just adhesion but also protein expression and cellular metabolism through various signaling pathways.
Step-by-step explanation:
Outside-in signals transmitted by integrins can influence cell adhesion. Integrins are integral membrane proteins that play a crucial role in attaching the cell to the extracellular matrix (ECM) and in signal transduction from the ECM to the cell. When the ECM molecule fibronectin binds to integrins, it can trigger signaling pathways within the cell that ultimately result in cell and tissue differentiation, as well as influence the formation of cell junctions.
For example, in cell signaling, the binding of epidermal growth factor (EGF) to its receptor tyrosine kinase can result in a cascade of events leading to protein expression. Similarly, adenylate cyclase activity can be modified by the binding of epinephrine (adrenaline) to a G-protein-linked receptor, impacting cellular metabolism. In terms of cell division, the FAS-RAS signaling pathway illustrates how these signals can promote this process.