Final answer:
The type I interferon receptor is located on the plasma membrane and plays a key role in cellular defense against viral infections. MHC I molecules are present on all nucleated cells and are crucial for presenting internal peptides for immune surveillance. The Golgi apparatus is heavily involved in glycosylation disorders.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type I interferon receptor is found on the plasma membrane. This type of receptor is involved in cellular defense mechanisms against pathogens, particularly viruses. When a cell is infected, interferons are produced and bind to these receptors on the plasma membrane, initiating a signaling cascade that enhances the cell's antiviral defenses.
Regarding the RNA components of ribosomes, they are synthesized in the nucleolus, which is a structure found within the nucleus. The nucleolus is specifically delegated for the production of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) which is crucial for ribosome assembly.
For the antigen-presenting molecule question, MHC I (Major Histocompatibility Complex class I) molecules are found on all nucleated cells. These molecules present peptides derived from the cell's internal proteins to T-cells, which is crucial for immune surveillance against infected or aberrant cells. In contrast, MHC II molecules are typically found on professional antigen-presenting cells.
If a peripheral membrane protein was synthesized inside the lumen of the ER, it would end up on the outside of the plasma membrane upon translation and subsequent processing through the endomembrane system which includes the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the Golgi apparatus, which is the organelle primarily involved in congenital disorders of glycosylation affecting glycoproteins.