Final answer:
After the closure of the neural tube, neural crest cells are formed, which develop into most of the peripheral nervous system and other tissues. Simultaneously, somites form alongside the neural tube, differentiating into skeletal structures, and the anterior neural tube forms brain structures.
Step-by-step explanation:
After the closure of the neural tube, a series of developmental events unfold. One such event is the formation of neural crest cells. These cells differentiate from the neuroectoderm and separate from the epidermis as a result of the neural tube's closure. The newly formed neural crest cells play a critical role in the development of the peripheral nervous system (PNS), as well as other structures such as craniofacial cartilage and bone, and melanocytes.
Additionally, the neural tube's closure is closely associated with the development of somites, which are block-like structures forming alongside the neural tube. These somites go on to differentiate into the axial skeleton, skeletal muscle, and dermis. In the anterior part of the neural tube, a subdivision occurs that leads to the formation of brain structures.