Final answer:
Betamethasone is administered before 34 weeks to help develop the lungs in cases of preterm birth risk. It promotes the production of pulmonary surfactant, which is vital for the functioning of infant lungs after birth. Oxytocin is the hormone responsible for stimulating uterine contractions during labor.
Step-by-step explanation:
The medication given before 34 weeks to help the lungs develop before delivery in a pregnant person and their baby is betamethasone. Betamethasone is a corticosteroid that is administered to accelerate fetal lung maturation in cases where there is a risk of preterm birth. This treatment helps to increase the production of pulmonary surfactant, which is critical in reducing the surface tension of the alveoli, therefore allowing the lungs to expand and function properly after birth.
A premature infant may require supplemental oxygen because their lungs have not fully developed, particularly the alveolar surfaces for gas exchange and the production of pulmonary surfactant. Without sufficient surfactant, the infant may develop infant respiratory distress syndrome, where the air sacs collapse and make breathing difficult, potentially leading to hypoxia and acidosis.
During labor, the hormone primarily responsible for contractions is oxytocin. It stimulates uterine contractions, aiding in the dilation of the cervix. Oxytocin's release is regulated through positive feedback and tends to increase as childbirth progresses.