Final answer:
Wnt and BMP ligands binding to dorsal cells generally result in dorsalization, as these molecules are involved in establishing the dorsal-ventral axis in embryonic development.
Step-by-step explanation:
When Wnt and BMP ligands bind to dorsal cells, the cell fate is generally associated with dorsalization of the embryo. This occurs because these signaling pathways are critical for establishing the dorsal-ventral axis during embryonic development. Specifically, the Wnt signaling pathway involves a series of reactions that lead to the stabilization and accumulation of β-catenin, which enters the nucleus and activates the transcription of target genes necessary for dorsal cell fate determination. Meanwhile, BMP signals are typically associated with ventral cell fates, and the balance between Wnt and BMP signaling is crucial for proper patterning along the dorsal-ventral axis. Therefore, the correct answer is (a) Dorsalization occurs.