Final answer:
Botulinum toxin, also known as Botox, is used in small doses to treat various medical conditions involving involuntary muscle contractions, including cervical dystonia. It works by blocking neurotransmitter release, leading to muscle relaxation. The treatment's effects are temporary and require repeated sessions.
Step-by-step explanation:
Botulinum toxin, commonly known by the brand name Botox, is a neurotoxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. It is well-known for causing the dangerous foodborne illness botulism, characterized by muscle paralysis. However, when used in clinically controlled, small doses, botulinum toxin injections can treat various medical conditions involving excessive involuntary muscle contractions, such as cervical dystonia. This reduces abnormal contractions and can significantly improve the quality of life for those afflicted.
Botulinum toxin works by inhibiting the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction, which reduces muscle activity. It's important to note that these injections, although beneficial, have temporary effects and require repeated administration every few months to maintain their therapeutic benefits.