Final answer:
High frequency stimulation results in the insertion of AMPA receptors into the postsynaptic membrane, which strengthens the synapse and enhances neuronal responsiveness to glutamate, leading to long-term potentiation.
Step-by-step explanation:
The result of high frequency stimulation is the insertion of AMPA receptors into the postsynaptic membrane, which leads to the strengthening of the synapse. This process is associated with long-term potentiation (LTP), a mechanism thought to be critical for memory formation.
When the synapse is repeatedly stimulated, calcium enters through NMDA receptors, initiating a cellular cascade that results in the incorporation of additional AMPA receptors. As these receptors are primarily responsible for the fast synaptic transmission by conducting sodium ions upon the binding of the neurotransmitter glutamate, their increased number at the synaptic site makes the neuron more responsive to future releases of glutamate.