Final answer:
The nurse should expect to administer B. Mannitol to reduce intracranial pressure.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the management of closed-head injuries with increased intracranial pressure (ICP), the administration of osmotic diuretics is a common approach. Mannitol, a sugar alcohol, is the drug of choice in this situation. Its osmotic properties draw water out of brain tissue, reducing cerebral edema and intracranial pressure.
Mannitol works by increasing the osmotic pressure of the blood, leading to the movement of water from the brain into the bloodstream. This effect helps to decrease the volume of the brain tissue and subsequently lowers intracranial pressure.
The standard dose of mannitol for ICP reduction is 0.25 to 1 gram per kilogram of body weight, administered intravenously over 20 to 30 minutes. It's essential for the nurse to closely monitor the patient's response, including neurological status and vital signs, during and after administration.
However, it's crucial to note that while mannitol is effective, its use requires careful consideration of the patient's overall clinical condition, including renal function. In cases of renal insufficiency or failure, alternative strategies may be necessary.
As with any medication, potential side effects and contraindications should be assessed, and the healthcare provider's orders should be followed precisely. In conclusion, the administration of mannitol is a well-established intervention for managing intracranial pressure in closed-head injuries, demonstrating its efficacy in clinical practice. So, Option B is correct.