Final answer:
Gout is caused by the buildup of uric acid crystals, particularly due to a deficiency of uricase activity. It leads to painful joint inflammation and can be managed by diet and medications like allopurinol.
Step-by-step explanation:
Gout is caused by the accumulation of uric acid crystals in the metatarsophalangeal joint due to uricase activity deficiency. Gout is a form of arthritis that results from the deposition of uric acid crystals within a body joint, leading to symptoms such as joint swelling, stiffness, and aching. Uric acid levels in the blood can increase due to excessive tissue destruction or a diet high in purines. It's important for individuals with gout to avoid foods high in nitrogenous bases, such as tea, coffee, and chocolate, as these contain purine-like compounds called xanthines. Reducing the intake of these foods helps reduce the risk of gout. Additionally, allopurinol is a medication that can help prevent gout by competitively inhibiting the enzyme xanthine oxidase, which is involved in the production of uric acid.