Final answer:
Parole is the conditional release of a prisoner before the end of their sentence under supervision, while probation is a form of supervision instead of prison time. Both are designed to prevent recidivism and encourage rehabilitation.
Step-by-step explanation:
The release of a prisoner prior to the end of his/her prison term but subject to supervision is known as parole. Parole involves the conditional release of a prisoner after serving part of their sentence, under the supervision of a parole officer. In contrast, probation is a court-ordered period of supervision in the community, often in lieu of prison time.
The difference between parole and probation is significant, as probation is typically used as an alternative to incarceration, whereas parole is granted after a portion of a prison sentence has been served. Both are critical components of the correctional system, designed to aid in rehabilitation and reduce the rate of reoffending.