Final answer:
Secondary dysmenorrhea can be caused by conditions like ovarian cysts and endometriosis, with endometriosis often leading to severe pelvic pain during menstruation and potentially infertility.
Step-by-step explanation:
Secondary dysmenorrhea is menstrual pain caused by underlying medical conditions. Among the various conditions that can lead to secondary dysmenorrhea, ovarian cysts and endometriosis are significant contributors. Endometriosis, specifically, is associated with pelvic pain, which can be severe during menstruation and can also result in infertility.
This condition may occur due to multiple factors, including retrograde menstruation, where endometrial tissue flows backward through the Fallopian tubes during menstruation, leading to inflammation, pain, and scarring. Treatments often include surgery to remove the abnormal tissue or medication for pain relief, and in more severe cases, could involve hysterectomy, though endometriosis may recur if the surgery is conservative.