Final answer:
In United States v. Wade, a suspect has the right to an attorney at a lineup after they have been arrested and formally charged, as outlined by the Sixth Amendment guaranteeing legal counsel for the accused in criminal trials.
Step-by-step explanation:
In United States v. Wade, the Supreme Court held that a suspect is entitled to an attorney at a lineup if that lineup is held after an arrest and once formal charges have been filed.
This decision was grounded in the Sixth Amendment's guarantee of the right to legal counsel for the accused in criminal prosecutions.
This right to counsel is designed to ensure the fairness of the trial process and to safeguard against any imbalances in the adversarial legal system, particularly protecting those who are not in a position to afford an attorney on their own.
The impact of this ruling is seen alongside other landmark cases such as Gideon v. Wainwright which clarified that states are required to provide representation for the accused who cannot afford it, and Miranda v. Arizona.
which ensured that suspects are aware of their rights, including the right to counsel, before being questioned by the police. These rights are fundamental to maintaining the integrity of the judicial system and preventing wrongful convictions.