Final answer:
Esperanza's doctor is performing Chorionic villus sampling (CVS), a test to remove a small sample of the placenta for genetic testing and diagnosis of potential genetic disorders.
Step-by-step explanation:
Esperanza is undergoing a prenatal test that involves the removal of a small sample of the placenta for genetic testing. The test being performed is D. Chorionic villus sampling (CVS). This is a procedure used for prenatal genetic diagnosis which can identify chromosomal abnormalities and other inherited disorders. It is distinct from amniocentesis, which tests the amniotic fluid, and noninvasive prenatal diagnosis that usually relies on blood tests. CVS involves taking a tiny piece of the placenta, which is rich in the baby's genetic information, typically between the 10th and 13th weeks of pregnancy.