Final answer:
Following the determination that a client is having a transfusion reaction, the nurse should first administer IV fluids, notify the healthcare provider, and collect blood samples for laboratory analysis. O negative blood is used in emergency transfusions when the patient's blood type is unknown. A blood test result showing agglutination with both anti-A and anti-B antibodies indicates a normal AB blood type.
Step-by-step explanation:
When a nurse determines that a client is having a transfusion reaction, the next action after stopping the transfusion is to administer IV fluids to maintain vascular volume and prevent shock. The nurse should then notify the healthcare provider, as the patient's condition and the reaction need to be assessed and managed promptly. It is also crucial to collect blood samples for laboratory analysis to investigate the cause of the transfusion reaction, as well as to document the incident thoroughly in the patient's medical records.
The type of blood transfused in emergency situations where there is no time to determine the patient's blood type, such as after a motor vehicle accident with severe bleeding, is type O negative blood. This is because it is considered the universal donor and is less likely to cause a hemolytic transfusion reaction. During a transfusion, it is essential that the patient receives a transfusion with a matching ABO blood type to avoid potentially lethal reactions.
If both anti-A and anti-B antibodies cause agglutination in a blood typing test, it indicates that the patient has AB blood type, which is a normal response and not an error by the technician. This is because individuals with type AB blood have both A and B antigens on the surface of their red blood cells, leading to agglutination when either anti-A or anti-B antibodies are present.