Final answer:
The rights of children and families are governed by Family law option (c), which handles legal responsibilities in family relations. Courts at both state and federal levels handle civil and criminal cases, and they apply different legal standards.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of rules that govern the rights of children and families fall under Family law. Family law specifically addresses the legal aspects of family relationships, including but not limited to marriage, divorce, child custody, and adoption. This branch of law thus encompasses the legal responsibilities between individuals who are connected by domestic relations.
Regarding the broader judicial context, both state and federal courts hear matters that involve not just family law, but also civil law and criminal law. Civil law cases generally involve disputes between private parties, and criminal law pertains to cases where the government charges an individual with offenses that are considered harmful to society.
In civil and criminal matters, the courts must consider the legal standards such as rational basis tests for discrimination or the severity of charges, and these can be influenced by state law, which varies from one state to another.
The International Court of Justice handles cases involving disputes between countries, among other specific international legal matters; however, it does not typically hear cases concerning individual civil or criminal legal issues.