Final Answer:
The most important additional drug allergy for the nurse to assess before administering cephalexin monohydrate (Keflex) is A). Penicillin.
Step-by-step explanation:
Cephalexin monohydrate (Keflex) is a first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic commonly used to treat bacterial infections. It is structurally related to penicillin, sharing a beta-lactam ring in its chemical structure. Due to this structural similarity, individuals who are allergic to penicillin may also exhibit cross-reactivity with cephalosporins, including cephalexin. The likelihood of cross-reactivity between penicillin and cephalosporins varies, but it is essential to assess for penicillin allergy before administering cephalexin to prevent potential allergic reactions.
In clinical practice, around 5-10% of individuals with a documented penicillin allergy may also demonstrate cross-reactivity with cephalosporins. Therefore, assessing for a penicillin allergy becomes crucial in ensuring patient safety when prescribing cephalexin. If a patient is allergic to penicillin, alternative antibiotics may need to be considered to avoid potential adverse reactions. Nursing assessments should include a thorough review of the patient's allergy history, specifically focusing on any previous reactions to penicillin or related antibiotics. This information is crucial for making informed decisions about the appropriateness of prescribing cephalexin and ensuring the patient's well-being.
In summary, the nurse's primary focus should be on assessing for a penicillin allergy before administering cephalexin, considering the structural similarities between these antibiotics and the potential for cross-reactivity. This proactive approach enhances patient safety by preventing allergic reactions and guiding the selection of alternative antibiotics if necessary.