Final answer:
The medical imaging technique providing axial and three-dimensional scans is known as a CT scan or computed axial tomography scan.
Step-by-step explanation:
The computed X-ray imaging technique that provides axial and three-dimensional scans is commonly known as a CT scan, also called computed axial tomography (CAT) scan. This medical imaging technique uses a combination of X-rays and computer technology to provide detailed cross-sectional images or 'slices' of the body. Tomography refers to imaging by sections, and the CT scan makes it possible to visualize internal structures in the body with more detail than traditional X-rays. By analyzing the relative absorption of X-rays at different levels, a CT scan can produce both two-dimensional and three-dimensional images, which are useful for diagnosing illnesses, identifying tumors, or assessing bone injuries.