Final answer:
The common form of hyperthyroidism is Graves' disease, an autoimmune disorder resulting in the overproduction of thyroid hormones and characteristic symptoms like goiter and bulging eyes.
Step-by-step explanation:
The common form of hyperthyroidism is Graves' disease. Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the overproduction of thyroid hormones due to the body producing thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI) which acts on the thyroid, leading to an enlargement of the gland (goiter) and may cause a variety of symptoms, including heat intolerance, rapid and irregular heartbeat, weight loss, and bulging eyes (exophthalmia).
The disease stimulates the thyroid to produce excessive thyroid hormone, which overrides the normal negative feedback mechanisms that regulate hormone production.