Final answer:
Glaucoma is caused by an increase in intraocular pressure within the eye, potentially resulting in optic nerve damage and loss of vision. It is the only condition among the choices given that is directly linked to increased eye pressure.
Step-by-step explanation:
The condition caused by increasing pressure inside the eye is called glaucoma. This pressure, known as intraocular pressure, keeps the eye's shape. If fluid circulation in the eye is hindered, pressure can build up, leading to glaucoma. This elevated pressure can harm the optic nerve and potentially cause blindness.
Other conditions related to the eye such as cataracts involve cloudiness in the lens of the eye, and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is caused by the death of cells in the macula—neither are directly caused by intraocular pressure. It's important to manage eye health to prevent conditions like glaucoma, as excessive pressure in the eye can have severe consequences.