Final answer:
The hospital is using a serial-unit numbering system, as evident by Annie Smith retaining the same patient number for multiple visits.
Step-by-step explanation:
Annie Smith received the same patient number 123456 during both her initial visit to the emergency room following a motor vehicle accident and her subsequent return for further evaluation. This indicates that the hospital is using a serial-unit numbering system, where a patient retains the same number for all visits and medical records. In such a system, the patient's medical records from various encounters or admissions are filed under this single, constant number. This facilitates the retrieval of past records and helps in maintaining a comprehensive medical history for each patient. This type of numbering helps keep track of patients, their medical records, and their treatment history in a systematic and organized manner.