Final answer:
The Automobile exception, also known as the Carroll doctrine, allows law enforcement officers to search a vehicle without a warrant if there is probable cause to believe it contains contraband or evidence of a crime.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer to the question is D) Automobile exception.
The Automobile exception, also known as the Carroll doctrine, is a legal principle that allows law enforcement officers to search a vehicle without a warrant if they have probable cause to believe that the vehicle contains contraband or evidence of a crime. This exception was established by the Supreme Court in the case of Carroll v. United States in 1925. It recognizes that vehicles have a reduced expectation of privacy compared to homes, and allows for more flexibility in searches to prevent the destruction of evidence.