Final answer:
The correct answer is B) Plain View Doctrine, which allows law enforcement to seize evidence or contraband without a warrant if it is in plain sight from where they have the legal right to be.
Step-by-step explanation:
When an officer has a legitimate presence in a place and sees immediately recognizable evidence or contraband without conducting a search, this pertains to the Plain View Doctrine. According to this legal principle, if law enforcement can see evidence or contraband in plain view from a location where they have a lawful right to be, they may seize it without a warrant.
This principle is distinct from a Terry stop, which allows an officer to stop and frisk a person based on reasonable suspicion of criminal activity, and also from exigent circumstances, which pertain to situations where there's an urgent need to act and no time to get a warrant.
The Inventory search is a procedure where officers catalog property after an arrest, which also does not require a warrant. Therefore, the correct answer is B) Plain View Doctrine.