Final answer:
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is characterized by a blood pH lower than normal, not higher. The presence of ketone bodies in urine (ketonuria) and high blood glucose levels are also characteristic of DKA.
Step-by-step explanation:
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is characterized by severe ketosis, high blood glucose level > 250 mg/dL, and presence of ketonuria. However, one characteristic not associated with DKA is a blood pH > 7.45. This is because DKA actually leads to a decrease in blood pH due to the accumulation of acidic ketone bodies, like acetoacetic acid and beta-hydroxybutyric acid, causing the blood to become more acidic, not alkaline.
Biochemical changes in diabetes mellitus often lead to ketoacidosis, where the cells are incapable of utilizing glucose and begin breaking down fats, producing energy and ketone bodies. The overproduction of these ketone bodies results in both ketonemia and ketonuria, contributing to the acidosis. Early symptoms can include deep, rapid breathing, a fruity-smelling breath, and flushing of the face, with more severe consequences like diabetic coma if left untreated.