Final answer:
Intensive insulin therapy is associated with weight gain due to the increased storage of glucose in tissues resulting from the lowering of high blood sugar levels.
Step-by-step explanation:
Intensive insulin therapy can result in a number of side effects, one of which is weight gain. When insulin is used to lower high blood sugar levels, it promotes the storage of glucose in tissues, which can contribute to weight gain. This contrasts with hyperglycemia, which is a symptom of diabetes mellitus where there is high blood sugar level due to either insufficient insulin production or decreased sensitivity to insulin. Too much insulin can lead to hypoglycemia, causing low blood sugar levels that result in symptoms such as sweating, tremors, and fainting attacks, which can be relieved by glucose injection or oral sugar intake. Therefore, in the context of intensive insulin therapy, the correct answer to the listed effects is:
c. weight gain.