Final answer:
Alzheimer's disease option (a) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and brain abnormalities such as shrinkage of the cortex and enlargement of the ventricles. It is associated with the presence of beta-amyloid plaques and tau proteins in the brain. Research is ongoing to understand the causes and develop treatments for Alzheimer's disease.
Step-by-step explanation:
Alzheimer's Disease:
Alzheimer's disease option (a) is a neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by short-term memory loss progressing to long-term and cognitive dysfunction. It is associated with shrinkage of the cortex, enlargement of the ventricles, shrinkage of the hippocampus, and the presence of beta-amyloid plaques and tau proteins in the brain. These abnormalities can be observed in brain imaging studies and post-mortem examinations of Alzheimer's patients.
One of the key features of Alzheimer's disease is the presence of beta-amyloid plaques, which are abnormal clumps of protein that accumulate between brain cells. Another hallmark of the disease is the presence of neurofibrillary tangles, which are twisted fibers that form inside brain cells and are made up of tau protein. These plaques and tangles contribute to the loss of synapses between neurons and the eventual death of neurons.
Research is ongoing to better understand the causes and mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease, as well as to develop potential treatments and interventions to slow down or prevent its progression.