Final answer:
The glossopharyngeal nerve (cranial nerve IX) supplies sensory information to the carotid body and sinus, which are important for regulating cardiovascular functions like blood pressure.
Step-by-step explanation:
The nerve that supplies sensory information to the carotid body and sinus is the glossopharyngeal nerve (cranial nerve IX). This cranial nerve is responsible for transmitting information from the baroreceptors in the carotid arteries. In contrast, the vagus nerve (cranial nerve X) carries axons from baroreceptors found in the aorta. These cranial nerves play a crucial role in regulating cardiovascular functions by monitoring blood pressure and blood gas levels. The carotid sinus is a specialized structure in the carotid artery that helps regulate blood pressure by sensing changes in blood wall stretch, thus relaying that sensory input via the glossopharyngeal nerve.